Injector
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To transfer water from the tank to the boiler steam engines use a device called the injector. It’s usually operated by a large valve handle that is twisted to be opened or closed. Injectors use steam pressure to inject water from one vessel to the other.
As cold water is being added from a tender , it will affect the temperature of the water already in the boiler. Hence, it is recommended to add water slowly and continuously , proportional to the consumption and needs, to not disrupt steam creation too much. There is no way to monitor water temperature, other than indirectly by looking at the speed the pressure gauge needle is moving.
See also: Steam Overview, Fire Management, Service Point, Mechanical Powertrain Damage