Air Brake System Overview/it: Difference between revisions
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Due to {{pll|Cylinder Leaks|leaks}}, no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoirs, which will charge as quickly as the respective {{pll|Compressor|compressor(s)}} | Due to {{pll|Cylinder Leaks|leaks}}, no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoirs, which will charge as quickly as the respective {{pll|Compressor|compressor(s)}} allow it, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train. | ||
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Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, | Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, and so is {{pll|Compressor|revving the engine}}. | ||
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Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case a vehicle connection is severed, such as due to {{pll|Derailing|derailment}}, emergency brakes | Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case a vehicle connection is severed, such as due to a {{pll|Derailing|derailment}}, emergency brakes are automatically applied on both remaining train parts. This is because the brake pipe pressure is lost to the atmosphere, and it is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains. | ||
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[[Category:Air Brake System|1]] | [[Category:Air Brake System|1]] |
Revision as of 16:38, 17 March 2025
Per garantire un rallentamento efficace dei treni, è necessario che tutti i rotabili applichino i freni contemporaneamente. Ciò è possibile grazie all’impianto di frenatura ad aria compressa del convoglio. Ogni rotabile è dotato a entrambe le estremità di un tubo flessibile chiamato “condotta generale” (abbreviata in CG), attraverso il quale l'aria compressa viene distribuita. Quando i veicoli sono collegati, anche le loro condotte sono connesse, come se si stringessero la mano. In questo modo il macchinista in testa al treno può azionare i freni lungo tutto il convoglio con un solo dispositivo di controllo.
L'aria presente nell'impianto di frenatura viene pressurizzata dai compressori installati sulle unità di trazione e viene distribuita lungo tutto il treno tramite un sistema di valvole e condotte. In generale, questo sistema può essere suddiviso in tre componenti separate: il serbatoio principale, la condotta generale e il cilindro freno.
Main Reservoir
Il serbatoio principale è un grande recipiente che si trova a bordo delle unità di trazione. Il compressore di bordo mantiene costantemente l'aria al suo interno a una pressione sufficientemente alta per alimentare il resto dei sistemi.
Brake Pipe
La CG comprende, oltre ai tubi sui rotabili, anche delle valvole e dei raccordi flessibili. L’aria che pressurizza la condotta proviene dal serbatoio principale. La condotta può essere interrotta tramite i rubinetti di testata presenti su ogni rotabile, per evitare che l’aria fuoriesca in atmosfera. Con i freni completamente allentati, la pressione in CG è pari a 5 bar.
Auxiliary Reservoirs
Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store compressed air that is ready to apply brakes on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, depending on the amount of vehicles in a train, they practically never run out during regular operation.
Brake Cylinders
Infine, ogni veicolo dispone di uno o più “cilindri freno” (abbreviati in CF). In fase di frenatura l’aria compressa riempie i cilindri spingendo i ceppi contro le ruote del rotabile, rallentandone la rotazione.
La pressione nei CF è controllata da una valvola chiamata “distributore”, la quale risponde ai cambiamenti di pressione nella CG. Un serbatoio presente su ogni rotabile, noto come “serbatoio ausiliario” (abbreviato in SA), fornisce l’aria compressa necessaria al funzionamento dei CF.
Brake cylinder pressure can be manually dumped in situations where that may be desired.
Brake Control Valve
Compressed air brakes, be it independent or train , are operated by control valves found in motorized vehicles' cabs , usually in the form of levers. There are different types of control valves and they need to be properly cut in in order to function.
Train Charging
Due to leaks , no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoirs, which will charge as quickly as the respective compressor(s) allow it, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.
Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, and so is revving the engine .
Automatic Stop Safety Mechanism
Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case a vehicle connection is severed, such as due to a derailment , emergency brakes are automatically applied on both remaining train parts. This is because the brake pipe pressure is lost to the atmosphere, and it is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains.