Air Brake System Overview/zh-hant: Difference between revisions
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所有{{pll|Rail Vehicle Types|鐵路車輛}}都安裝有機械式{{pll|Braking Overview|軔機}}，即機械式煞車。運作方式為透過手動操作{{pll|Handbrake|手軔機}}，或以壓縮空氣推動{{pll|Brake Shoes|閘瓦}}，物理性地使其擠壓車輪。 | 所有{{pll|Rail Vehicle Types|鐵路車輛}}都安裝有機械式{{pll|Braking Overview|軔機}}，即機械式煞車。運作方式為透過手動操作{{pll|Handbrake|手軔機}}，或以壓縮空氣推動{{pll|Brake Shoes|閘瓦}}，物理性地使其擠壓車輪。 | ||
使用壓縮空氣緊軔較為迅速，因此部分車輛載有{{pll|Independent Brake|單獨車輛制軔}}方式，而不僅依賴手軔機。更重要的，使用壓縮空氣得以使整組列車中的所有軔機同步緊軔，此稱{{pll|Independent Brake|貫通制軔}}。構成氣軔系統的主要部件為： | |||
<span id="Main_Reservoir"></span> | <span id="Main_Reservoir"></span> | ||
Revision as of 19:01, 11 April 2025
所有鐵路車輛都安裝有機械式軔機，即機械式煞車。運作方式為透過手動操作手軔機，或以壓縮空氣推動閘瓦，物理性地使其擠壓車輪。
使用壓縮空氣緊軔較為迅速，因此部分車輛載有單獨車輛制軔方式，而不僅依賴手軔機。更重要的，使用壓縮空氣得以使整組列車中的所有軔機同步緊軔，此稱貫通制軔。構成氣軔系統的主要部件為：
主風缸
「主風缸（Main Reservoir）」是動力車輛上的大容量氣瓶。它透過車輛的風泵來維持本身壓力至一定高壓，其壓力將供給系統中的其他部分。
軔管
「軔管（Brake Pipe）」透過「主風缸」加壓，是系統中由多個閥門和軟、硬管線連結，延伸至整組列車的部分。於每個連結器旁，軔管的一端都有個用於手動開啟或關閉氣流，稱為「角旋塞」的閥門。列車兩端的「角旋塞」必須保持關閉，以防止壓縮空氣逸出到大氣中。列車正常運轉的情況下，「軔管」壓力會維持在 5 bar。
輔助風缸
Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store compressed air that is ready to apply brakes on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, depending on the amount of vehicles in a train, they practically never run out during regular operation.
軔缸
最後，各車輛都有一個或多個自己的「軔缸（Brake Cylinders）」。此為驅動軔塊所用的小型氣動活塞，將軔塊推向車輪使其減速。當「軔管」中的壓力改變，一個控制閥將依據壓力變化，使用車輛中稱為「輔助風缸（Auxiliary Reservoirs）」的另一氣瓶中的空氣推動軔缸內的活塞。
Brake cylinder pressure can be manually dumped in situations where that may be desired.
司軔閥
Compressed air brakes, be it independent or train, are operated by control valves found in motorized vehicles' cabs, usually in the form of levers. There are different types of control valves and they need to be properly cut in in order to function.
Train Charging
Due to leaks, no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoirs, which will charge as quickly as the respective compressor(s) allow it, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.
Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, and so is revving the engine.
Automatic Stop Safety Mechanism
Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case a vehicle connection is severed, such as due to a derailment, emergency brakes are automatically applied on both remaining train parts. This is because the brake pipe pressure is lost to the atmosphere, and it is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains.