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Air Brake System Overview/pt-br: Difference between revisions

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Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store pressure to be further fed to apply brakes, on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, they are almost impossible to run out during regular operation.
Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store pressure that is ready to apply brakes on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, they practically never run out during regular operation.
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Due to {{pll|Cylinder Leaks|leaks}}, no brake system components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoir, which will charge as quickly as the respective {{pll|Compressor|compressor}} can do it, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.
Due to {{pll|Cylinder Leaks|leaks}}, no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoir, which will charge as quickly as the respective {{pll|Compressor|compressor}} is capable to, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.
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{{pll|Train Brake|Train brake}} is applied by a control device found in motorized rail vehicles. Doing so on a fully charged train functions by air getting dumped from the brake pipe to the atmosphere. This forces auxiliary reservoirs to feed their stored pressure to brake cylinders, pressing brake shoes against wheels.
{{pll|Train Brake|Train brake}} is applied by a {{pll|Lapping|control device}} found in motorized rail vehicles. Applying brakes on a fully charged train functions by air getting dumped from the brake pipe to the atmosphere. This forces auxiliary reservoirs to feed their stored pressure to brake cylinders, pressing brake shoes against the wheels.
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Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case of vehicle connection getting severed, such as due to a {{pll|Derailing|derailment}}, brake pipe pressure will be lost, resulting in automatic full brake application on both remaining train parts. This is integral to the compressed air brake system design.
Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case of vehicle connection getting severed, such as due to a {{pll|Derailing|derailment}}, brake pipe pressure will be lost to the atmosphere, resulting in automatic full brake application on both remaining train parts. This is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains.
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[[Category:Air Brake System|1]]
[[Category:Air Brake System|1]]

Revision as of 17:57, 9 March 2025

Para que os trens possam desacelerar de forma eficaz, cada veículo da formação precisa aplicar os freios de forma relativamente simultânea. Isso é realizado pelo sistema de freio a ar do trem. Cada veículo ferroviário vem equipado com uma mangueira de linha de ar em cada extremidade. Quando os veículos são acoplados, suas linhas de ar também são conectadas. Desta forma, o maquinista do um veículo da frente é capaz de operar os freios em todo o trem, usando um único dispositivo de controle de freio do trem.

O ar do sistema de freio é bombeado por compressores encontrados a bordo dos veículos motorizados e é distribuído por todo o trem por meio de um sistema de válvulas, tubos e mangueiras. Para simplificar, o sistema pode ser visto como composto de três unidades separadas: reservatório principal, tubo de freio e cilindro de freio.

Main Reservoir

O reservatório principal é um recipiente de alto volume encontrado a bordo de veículos motorizados. Geralmente é mantido altamente pressurizado pelo compressor de bordo e serve para fornecer pressão ao restante do sistema.

Brake Pipe

O tubo de freio, pressurizado pelo reservatório principal, é um sistema de válvulas, tubos e mangueiras esticados ao longo de todo o trem. A cada acoplamento, o fluxo de ar pode ser aberto ou fechado manualmente, por meio de uma válvula em sua base, denominada torneira angular. Isso é feito nas extremidades do trem, para evitar que o ar pressurizado escape para a atmosfera. Em condições normais de operação, o tubo do freio mantém uma pressão de 5 bar.

Auxiliary Reservoirs

Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store pressure that is ready to apply brakes on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, they practically never run out during regular operation.

Brake Cylinders

Finalmente, cada veículo individual tem um ou mais de seus próprios cilindros de freio. Estes são recipientes de baixo volume que exercem pressão sobre um pistão, que pressiona as sapatas do freio do veículo contra as rodas, fazendo com que ele diminua a velocidade. Uma válvula de controle reage às mudanças de pressão no tubo de freio, pressurizando os cilindros de freio com ar correspondentemente, de recipientes especializados encontrados em cada veículo, chamados de reservatórios auxiliares.

Train Charging

Due to leaks , no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoir, which will charge as quickly as the respective compressor is capable to, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.

Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, as is revving the engine .

Train Brake Application

Train brake is applied by a control device found in motorized rail vehicles. Applying brakes on a fully charged train functions by air getting dumped from the brake pipe to the atmosphere. This forces auxiliary reservoirs to feed their stored pressure to brake cylinders, pressing brake shoes against the wheels.

Train Brake Release

Ao operar a alavanca do freio do trem, o maquinista controla a pressão do tubo do freio, afetando indiretamente a quantidade de ar fornecida a cada cilindro de freio do trem. Ao mover a alavanca do freio do trem na direção "aplicar", o maquinista despeja o ar do tubo do freio na atmosfera. As válvulas de controle de cada veículo liberam a pressão contida nos reservatórios auxiliares para os cilindros de freio e, assim, acionam os freios. Ao mover a alavanca do freio do trem na direção "soltar", o maquinista pressuriza o tubo do freio com ar do reservatório principal. Isso reabastece o reservatório auxiliar e as válvulas de controle reagem despejando a pressão do cilindro de freio na atmosfera, liberando os freios.

Automatic Stop Safety Mechanism

Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case of vehicle connection getting severed, such as due to a derailment , brake pipe pressure will be lost to the atmosphere, resulting in automatic full brake application on both remaining train parts. This is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains.