Air Brake System Overview/cs: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:38, 17 March 2025

Aby mohly vlaky efektivně zpomalit, musí každé vozidlo v soupravě brzdit relativně současně. Toho je ve vlaku dosaženo systémem vzduchových brzd. Každé kolejové vozidlo je na obou koncích vybaveno vzduchovou hadicí. Když jsou vozidla spřažena, jejich vzduchová vedení jsou také spojena pomocí brzdových spojek. Tímto způsobem je strojvůdce ve vedoucím vozidle schopen ovládat brzdy na celém vlaku pomocí jediného brzdiče.

Vzduch je do brzdového systému čerpán kompresory nacházejícími se na palubě hnacích vozidel a je sdílen po celém vlaku prostřednictvím systému ventilů, potrubí a hadic. Pro jednoduchost lze systém považovat za složený ze tří samostatných jednotek: hlavní vzduchojem, brzdové potrubí a brzdový válec.

Main Reservoir

Hlavní vzduchojem je velkoobjemová nádoba, která se nachází na palubě hnacích vozidel. Obvykle je udržována pod vysokým tlakem pomocí palubního kompresoru a slouží k tlakování zbytku systému.

Brake Pipe

Brzdové potrubí, natlakované hlavním vzduchojemem, je systém ventilů, potrubí a hadic natažených po celém vlaku. U každého spřáhla lze průtok vzduchu ručně otevřít nebo zavřít ventilem na jeho základně, nazývaným brzdový kohout. To se provádí na koncích vlaku, aby se zabránilo úniku stlačeného vzduchu do atmosféry. Za normálních provozních podmínek je brzdové potrubí pod tlakem 5 barů.

Auxiliary Reservoirs

Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store compressed air that is ready to apply brakes on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, depending on the amount of vehicles in a train, they practically never run out during regular operation.

Brake Cylinders

Konečně, každé jednotlivé vozidlo má jeden nebo více brzdových válců. Jedná se o nízkoobjemové nádoby, které vyvíjejí tlak na píst a ten tlačí brzdové špalíky vozidla ke kolům, což způsobuje jejich zpomalení. Rozvaděč reaguje na změny tlaku v brzdovém potrubí a odpovídajícím způsobem natlakuje brzdové válce vzduchem ze specializovaných nádob nacházejících se na každém vozidle, nazývaných pomocné vzduchojemy.

Brake cylinder pressure can be manually dumped in situations where that may be desired.

Brake Control Valve

Compressed air brakes, be it independent or train , are operated by control valves found in motorized vehicles' cabs , usually in the form of levers. There are different types of control valves and they need to be properly cut in in order to function.

Train Charging

Due to leaks , no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoirs, which will charge as quickly as the respective compressor(s) allow it, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.

Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, and so is revving the engine .

Automatic Stop Safety Mechanism

Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case a vehicle connection is severed, such as due to a derailment , emergency brakes are automatically applied on both remaining train parts. This is because the brake pipe pressure is lost to the atmosphere, and it is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains.

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 Aby mohly vlaky efektivně zpomalit, musí každé vozidlo v soupravě brzdit relativně současně. Toho je ve vlaku dosaženo systémem vzduchových brzd. Každé kolejové vozidlo je na obou koncích vybaveno vzduchovou hadicí. Když jsou vozidla spřažena, jejich vzduchová vedení jsou také spojena pomocí brzdových spojek. Tímto způsobem je strojvůdce ve vedoucím vozidle schopen ovládat brzdy na celém vlaku pomocí jediného brzdiče.
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-Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store pressure to be further fed to apply brakes, on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, they are almost impossible to run out during regular operation.
+Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store compressed air that is ready to apply brakes on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, depending on the amount of vehicles in a train, they practically never run out during regular operation.
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-==== Train Charging ====
+Brake cylinder pressure can be {{pll|Manual Cylinder Release|manually dumped}} in situations where that may be desired.
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 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
-Due to {{pll|Cylinder Leaks|leaks}}, no brake system components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoir, which will charge as quickly as the respective {{pll|Compressor|compressor}} can do it, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.
+==== Brake Control Valve ====
 </div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
-Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, as is {{pll|Compressor|revving the engine}}.
+Compressed air brakes, be it {{pll|Independent Brake|independent}} or {{pll|Train Brake|train}}, are operated by control valves found in {{pll|Rail Vehicle Types|motorized vehicles' cabs}}, usually in the form of levers. There are {{pll|Lapping|different types of control valves}} and they need to be properly {{pll|Brake Cutout|cut in}} in order to function.
 </div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
-==== Train Brake Application ====
+==== Train Charging ====
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 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
-{{pll|Train Brake|Train brake}} is applied by a control device found in motorized rail vehicles. Doing so on a fully charged train functions by air getting dumped from the brake pipe to the atmosphere. This forces auxiliary reservoirs to feed their stored pressure to brake cylinders, pressing brake shoes against wheels.
+Due to {{pll|Cylinder Leaks|leaks}}, no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoirs, which will charge as quickly as the respective {{pll|Compressor|compressor(s)}} allow it, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.
 </div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
-==== Train Brake Release ====
+Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, and so is {{pll|Compressor|revving the engine}}.
-</div>
-<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
-Obsluhou páky brzdiče strojvůdce ovládá tlak v brzdovém potrubí, čímž nepřímo ovlivňuje množství vzduchu dodávaného do každého brzdového válce ve vlaku. Pohybem páky samočinné brzdy ve směru „brzdit“ strojvedoucí vypustí vzduch z brzdového potrubí do atmosféry. Rozvaděče na každém vozidle uvolňují tlak obsažený v pomocných vzduchojemech do brzdových válců a tím brzdí. Pohybem páky samočinné brzdy ve směru „uvolnit“ strojvůdce natlakuje brzdové potrubí vzduchem z hlavního vzduchojemu. Tím se doplní pomocný vzduchojem a rozvaděče zareagují vypuštěním tlaku v brzdovém válci do atmosféry, čímž se brzdy uvolní.
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-Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case of vehicle connection getting severed, such as due to a {{pll|Derailing|derailment}}, brake pipe pressure will be lost, resulting in automatic full brake application on both remaining train parts. This is integral to the compressed air brake system design.
+Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case a vehicle connection is severed, such as due to a {{pll|Derailing|derailment}}, emergency brakes are automatically applied on both remaining train parts. This is because the brake pipe pressure is lost to the atmosphere, and it is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains.
 </div>
 [[Category:Air Brake System|1]]