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Air Brake System Overview/ro: Difference between revisions

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Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store pressure to be further fed to apply brakes, on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, they are almost impossible to run out during regular operation.
Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store pressure that is ready to apply brakes on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, they practically never run out during regular operation.
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Due to {{pll|Cylinder Leaks|leaks}}, no brake system components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoir, which will charge as quickly as the respective {{pll|Compressor|compressor}} can do it, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.
Due to {{pll|Cylinder Leaks|leaks}}, no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoir, which will charge as quickly as the respective {{pll|Compressor|compressor}} is capable to, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.
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{{pll|Train Brake|Train brake}} is applied by a control device found in motorized rail vehicles. Doing so on a fully charged train functions by air getting dumped from the brake pipe to the atmosphere. This forces auxiliary reservoirs to feed their stored pressure to brake cylinders, pressing brake shoes against wheels.
{{pll|Train Brake|Train brake}} is applied by a {{pll|Lapping|control device}} found in motorized rail vehicles. Applying brakes on a fully charged train functions by air getting dumped from the brake pipe to the atmosphere. This forces auxiliary reservoirs to feed their stored pressure to brake cylinders, pressing brake shoes against the wheels.
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Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case of vehicle connection getting severed, such as due to a {{pll|Derailing|derailment}}, brake pipe pressure will be lost, resulting in automatic full brake application on both remaining train parts. This is integral to the compressed air brake system design.
Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case of vehicle connection getting severed, such as due to a {{pll|Derailing|derailment}}, brake pipe pressure will be lost to the atmosphere, resulting in automatic full brake application on both remaining train parts. This is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains.
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[[Category:Air Brake System|1]]
[[Category:Air Brake System|1]]

Revision as of 17:57, 9 March 2025

Pentru ca trenurile să poată încetini eficient, fiecare vehicul care este dotat cu sistem de frânare cu aer trebuie să aplice frânele relativ simultan. Acest lucru este realizat de sistemul de frânare cu aer al trenului. Fiecare vehicul feroviar este echipat cu un furtun de aer la fiecare capăt. Când vehiculele sunt cuplate între ele, liniile lor de aer sunt și ele conectate, într-o manieră de strângere de mână. În acest fel, mecanicul de locomotivă unui vehicul de conducere este capabil să acționeze frânele pe întregul tren, folosind un singur dispozitiv de control al frânei trenului.

Aerul din sistemul de frânare este pompat de compresoarele aflate la bordul vehiculelor motorizate și este împărțit în tot trenul printr-un sistem de supape, țevi și furtunuri. Pentru simplitate, sistemul poate fi văzut ca fiind compus din trei unități separate: rezervor principal, conductă de frână și cilindru de frână.

Main Reservoir

Rezervorul principal este un vas de mare volum găsit la bordul vehiculelor motorizate. De obicei, este menținut sub presiune la un nivel ridicat de către compresorul de la bord și servește la furnizarea de presiune pentru restul sistemului.

Brake Pipe

Conducta de frână, presurizată de rezervorul principal, este un sistem de supape, țevi și furtunuri întinse pe întregul tren. La fiecare cuplare, fluxul de aer poate fi deschis sau închis manual, printr-o supapă situată la baza sa, numită robinet unghiular. Aceasta se face la capetele trenului, pentru a preveni ieșirea aerului sub presiune in atmosfera. În condiții normale de funcționare, conducta de frână menține o presiune de 5 bar.

Auxiliary Reservoirs

Auxiliary reservoirs are medium volume vessels found on each individual vehicle. Pressurized by the brake pipe, they store pressure that is ready to apply brakes on demand. While auxiliary reservoirs can take a long time to charge, they practically never run out during regular operation.

Brake Cylinders

În cele din urmă, fiecare vehicul individual are unul sau mai mulți cilindri de frână proprii. Acestea sunt vase de volum mic care pun presiune pe un piston, care presează saboții de frână ai vehiculului împotriva roților, determinând încetinirea acestuia. O supapă de control reacționează la modificările de presiune din conducta de frână, presurizând cilindrii de frână cu aer în mod corespunzător, de la vase specializate care se găsesc pe fiecare vehicul, numite rezervoare auxiliare.

Train Charging

Due to leaks , no brake components can remain pressurized indefinitely. It usually takes some time to bring the components of unused vehicles to their nominal, high pressure level, before they can be set in motion. The two biggest factors are the main reservoir, which will charge as quickly as the respective compressor is capable to, and auxiliary reservoirs, which may take a long time to charge, depending on how many vehicles there are in the train.

Adding additional locomotives to the train to improve charging speeds is a viable option, as is revving the engine .

Train Brake Application

Train brake is applied by a control device found in motorized rail vehicles. Applying brakes on a fully charged train functions by air getting dumped from the brake pipe to the atmosphere. This forces auxiliary reservoirs to feed their stored pressure to brake cylinders, pressing brake shoes against the wheels.

Train Brake Release

Prin acţionarea manetei de frână a trenului, mecanicul de locomotivă controlează presiunea conductei de frână, afectând indirect cantitatea de aer furnizată fiecărui cilindru de frână din tren. Prin deplasarea manetei de frână a trenului în direcția „aplicare”, șoferul elimină aerul din conducta de frână în atmosferă. Supapele de control de pe fiecare vehicul eliberează presiunea conținută în rezervoarele auxiliare în cilindrii de frână și astfel acţionează frânele. Prin deplasarea manetei de frână a trenului în direcția „eliberare”, șoferul presurizează conducta de frână cu aer din rezervorul principal. Aceasta umple rezervorul auxiliar, iar supapele de control reacţionează prin descărcarea presiunii cilindrului de frână în atmosferă, eliberând frânele.

Automatic Stop Safety Mechanism

Crucial safety feature of the compressed air brake system is that, in case of vehicle connection getting severed, such as due to a derailment , brake pipe pressure will be lost to the atmosphere, resulting in automatic full brake application on both remaining train parts. This is integral to the compressed air brake system design in trains.