Maintien de la pression CG
Selon l’engin moteur, il existe deux manières de maintenir la pression de la conduite générale : avec l'auto-maintien et l'ancienne, sans l’auto-maintien.
Sur les systèmes à auto-maintien, le maintien à une valeur précise de la pression de la conduite générale est gérée automatiquement. Le conducteur peut régler le levier du FCA sur n'importe quelle position de la plage “serrage”. Plus il est positionné dans le sens "serrage", plus la force de freinage est forte, et vice versa. La valve gère automatiquement la vidange ou le remplissage de la conduite de frein en fonction de la position du levier.
On non-self-lapping systems, the process is more hands-on. The lever has a few fixed positions. Two of the positions, called “release” and “service” can be thought of as adding and releasing the brake pipe pressure, respectively. The position in between them, called “lap”, is used to maintain whatever pressure is in the brake pipe. The furthest position, called “emergency”, will release pressure at the fastest possible rate.
Auxiliary reservoirs are being drained when braking. When the brakes are released, it takes some time for auxiliary reservoirs to fill up again. The lap position, however, functions only if the auxiliary reservoirs are full. To stay in full control over braking it is recommended to not release non-self-lapping brakes when knowing that moments later braking may be needed again. Calculated, slow moves are preferable when releasing the non-self-lapping brakes.
With both brake types, the driver can see exactly how much braking force they are applying by looking at the brake pipe and brake cylinder gauge needles.
Les deux systèmes sont assez simples à utiliser, bien que l’auto-maintien puisse être plus intuitif pour les débutants. En termes simples, avec l’auto-maintien, le dispositif de commande définit la force de freinage souhaitée, laissant à la vanne automatique le soin de faire le travail. Tandis que sans, le levier de commande règle directement la force de freinage.
In case a train contains motorized vehicles with both self-lapping and non-self-lapping brake valve types, only the self-lapping ones will be functional when operating the brake. For that purpose, vehicles are also equipped with brake cutout valves, which can be used to isolate certain vehicles from the brake system and resolve this conflict.
See also: Air Brake System Overview, Brake Cutout, Monitoring, Train Brake, Independent Brake, Brake Shoes