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| | {{pll|Air Brake System Overview|司軔閥}}分為兩種:「自動保壓」和「非自動保壓」。 |
| 依動力車輛不同,可以見到兩種控制軔管壓力的司軔閥系統:「自動保壓」和較舊式的「非自動保壓」。
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| <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | | <span id="Self-Lapping"></span> |
| ==== Self-Lapping ==== | | ==== 自動保壓 ==== |
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| | 較新型的司軔閥能夠「自動保壓」,也就是根據手柄的位置自動地釋放、增加並維持{{pll|Air Brake System Overview|軔管}}壓力。它們對於初學者較易上手,因其手柄的位置也直接對應著{{pll|Air Brake System Overview|軔缸}}壓力。愈向「緊軔」方向推動手柄,施加的軔力愈強;愈向「鬆軔」方向推動推動手柄,施加的軔力愈弱。 |
| 在「自動保壓」司軔閥上,軔管壓力是由閥件自動決定。司機員僅需將司軔閥手柄移動至一定範圍內的任意位置。愈向「緊軔」方向推動施加的軔力愈強,反之愈弱。該閥將根據手柄的位置自動釋放或增加軔管中的壓力。
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| <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | | <span id="Non-Self-Lapping"></span> |
| ==== Non-Self-Lapping ==== | | ==== 非自動保壓 ==== |
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| | 較舊型的司軔閥無法「自動保壓」,需要手動地釋放、增加或維持軔管壓力。此類司軔閥上共有「鬆軔」、「保壓」、「緊軔」、「緊急制軔」四個固定段位。第一、三段的「鬆軔」和「緊軔」可以被分別理解為「增加軔管壓力」和「釋放軔管壓力」的段位。前者之間的第二段位為「保壓」,用來維持當下軔管中存在的壓力。第三個段位之外還有一段稱為「緊急緊軔」的額外空間,當手柄維持在此位置時,司軔閥將以可達之最快速度釋放軔管壓力。 |
| The non-self-lapping control valves are older. With them, the control lever manipulates the brake pipe pressure directly, and the process is more hands-on. The lever has a few fixed positions. Two of the positions, called “release” and “service” can be thought of as adding and releasing the brake pipe pressure, respectively. The position in-between them, called “lap”, is used to maintain whatever pressure is in the brake pipe. The furthest position, called “emergency”, releases pressure at the fastest possible rate.
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| | 透過控制軔管壓力,您將間接地使軔缸充氣,從而施加軔力。 |
| By controlling the brake pipe pressure, you indirectly control the cylinder pressure, and thus, brake application.
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| | 每次緊軔都將消耗些許儲於輔助風缸內的空氣,使車輛每次鬆軔都需要花時間為輔助風缸再次充氣。然而此類司軔閥的「保壓」功能只在輔助風缸處於工作壓力時才能發揮作用,因此建議若預期前方行駛路段有再次減速必要時先不鬆軔,採取有計劃、不頻繁的制軔方式。 |
| Auxiliary reservoirs are partially drained whenever brakes are applied. When brakes are then released, it takes some time for the reservoirs to be recharged. The lap position, however, functions only if the auxiliary reservoirs are full. So, to stay in full control over non-self-lapping brakes it is recommended to not release when knowing that moments later braking may be needed again. Calculated, infrequent moves are advised instead.
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| <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | | <span id="Monitoring"></span> |
| ==== Monitoring ==== | | ==== 監控 ==== |
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| | 無論操作的是哪種司軔閥,最重要的是{{pll|Monitoring|監控軔管與軔缸壓力}},以充分掌握當前制軔狀態。 |
| With both control valve types it is crucial to {{pll|Monitoring|monitor the brake pipe and cylinder gauges}} to fully understand the current brake state.
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| <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | | <span id="Conflicts"></span> |
| ==== Conflicts ==== | | ==== 衝突 ==== |
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| <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| | 要是列車掛有複數動力車輛,它們的司軔閥將互相產生操作衝突。當動力車輛配有不同司軔閥,此衝突又將更為嚴重。為確保安全操作,請將他處司軔閥以{{pll|Brake Cutout|司軔閥隔離旋塞}}隔絕其對氣軔系統的作用。 |
| In case a train contains multiple motorized vehicles their control valves are in conflict. The conflict can be even more severe if there are mixed self-lapping and non-self-lapping valves in the train. To ensure safe operation it is necessary to {{pll|Brake Cutout|cutout}} all excess control valves, other than the one intended to be used.
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| [[Category:Air Brake System|2]] | | [[Category:Air Brake System|2]] |
司軔閥 分為兩種:「自動保壓」和「非自動保壓」。
自動保壓
較新型的司軔閥能夠「自動保壓」,也就是根據手柄的位置自動地釋放、增加並維持軔管 壓力。它們對於初學者較易上手,因其手柄的位置也直接對應著軔缸 壓力。愈向「緊軔」方向推動手柄,施加的軔力愈強;愈向「鬆軔」方向推動推動手柄,施加的軔力愈弱。
非自動保壓
較舊型的司軔閥無法「自動保壓」,需要手動地釋放、增加或維持軔管壓力。此類司軔閥上共有「鬆軔」、「保壓」、「緊軔」、「緊急制軔」四個固定段位。第一、三段的「鬆軔」和「緊軔」可以被分別理解為「增加軔管壓力」和「釋放軔管壓力」的段位。前者之間的第二段位為「保壓」,用來維持當下軔管中存在的壓力。第三個段位之外還有一段稱為「緊急緊軔」的額外空間,當手柄維持在此位置時,司軔閥將以可達之最快速度釋放軔管壓力。
透過控制軔管壓力,您將間接地使軔缸充氣,從而施加軔力。
每次緊軔都將消耗些許儲於輔助風缸內的空氣,使車輛每次鬆軔都需要花時間為輔助風缸再次充氣。然而此類司軔閥的「保壓」功能只在輔助風缸處於工作壓力時才能發揮作用,因此建議若預期前方行駛路段有再次減速必要時先不鬆軔,採取有計劃、不頻繁的制軔方式。
監控
無論操作的是哪種司軔閥,最重要的是監控軔管與軔缸壓力 ,以充分掌握當前制軔狀態。
衝突
要是列車掛有複數動力車輛,它們的司軔閥將互相產生操作衝突。當動力車輛配有不同司軔閥,此衝突又將更為嚴重。為確保安全操作,請將他處司軔閥以司軔閥隔離旋塞 隔絕其對氣軔系統的作用。